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Liver

Liver 


The liver is the gland in the body weighing between 1 and 2.3 kg it is situated in  the upper part of the abdomonal cavity occupying the greater part of the right hypochondriac region part of the epigastric region and extending into the left hypochondriac region


organs associated with the liverer

The liver is endoclosed in a thin inelastic capsule and incompletely covered by a layer of peritoneumv. Folds of peritoneum form supporting ligaments atteching the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm 
The liver has four lobes .The two most obivious are the large right lobe and the  smaller , wedge-shape left lobe . 
The other two the caudate and quadrate lobes are areas on the posterior 

The portal fissure


This is the name given to the region on the posterior surface of the liver where various structure enter and leave the gland

Blood supply 

The hepatic aetery and the portal vein take blood to the liver venous return is by a variable number of hepatic vein that leave the posterior surface and immediately enter the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm 

structure 

The lobes of the liver are made up of tiny functoinal units called lobules liver lobules are hexagonal in outline and are formed by cubical-shape cells the hepatocytes .between two pairs of column of cells are sinusoid containing a mixture of blood from the branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery .amongst the cell lining the sinusoids are hepatic macrophages whose function is to ingest and desttoy worn out blood cells and any foreign particles present in the blood flowing through ghe liver
blood drains from the sinudoid into central or centrilobular veins .one of the function of the liver is to secrete bile 

Functions of the liver

The liver is an extremely active organ.those function already described are only mentioned here  

Carbohydrate metabolism 

The liver has an important role in maintaining  plasma glucose levels after a meal when levels rise glucose is converted to glycogen for storage under the influence of the hormone insulin . 

Fat metabolism 

stroge fat can be converted to a form in which it can be used by the tissue to provide energy 

Protein metabolism 

Deamination of amino acids this process 

* removes the nitrogenous protion form the amino acids not required for the formation of new protein urea is formed form this nitrogenous portion which is excreted in urine 
*  breaks down nucleic acids to form uric acid , which is expected in the urine 


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